Everyone Should Take Interest in California's Housing Crisis

With a gross state product of (GSP) of more than $2.3 trillion, California has an economy that rivals that of most countries and is the largest state economy in America. Home to almost 40 million people, the state has a median home value of $371,400, according to the US Census. Median gross rent is $1,243. All of that with a median household income of $61,489 and a per capita income of approximately $29,906. You do not have to be an economist to see that those numbers add up to millions of people having difficulty finding affordable housing.

Home prices skyrocketed in the early 2000s with easily obtainable mortgages. When banks tightened their lending requirements in early 2007, prices dropped. This brought many cash buyer investors into the market. Now, with the median price at about $650,000 for the San Francisco Bay Area and the most affordable region being the Central Valley at a median home value of around $290,000, California has one of the lowest Housing Affordability Indexes in the country. It also is the most expensive state in the country to lease a home.

The California Economic Summit

Early in April of 2016, housing experts came together with builders, lawmakers, city planners, and environmentalists at the California Economic Summit to address the housing crisis that is affecting millions of Californians. Their goal is to find a way that people of all income levels can afford quality housing. It is crucial to the health of the state's overall economy that California address its low Housing Affordable Index. By finding ways to lower the percentage of annual income a household must devote to housing, they free up billions of dollars to be spent in other areas of the economy. For years separate groups have been advocating affordable housing for seniors, the homeless population, and veterans. The reality is that California's housing crisis is affecting everyone. New numbers for 2016 show that the housing crisis goes beyond people with minimum wage jobs. It is hitting middle class people and altering their lifestyle and spending.

Why the rest of the country should care

Many people never thought about title insurance before the housing market collapse. The quick shifting of ownership by banks after foreclosure led to many title issues. Approximately one of every three title searchers reveals a cloud on the title or some other defect in the public record that needs clearing to close the real estate transaction. The national housing crisis shined a spotlight on the need for homeowners to have their own title insurance policy, in addition to the lenders coverage. A recent report by the Public and Affordable Housing Research Corporation (PAHRC) reveals another problem growing beneath the radar for every state in the country. While federal programs are providing homes for approximately 5 million American families, there are many more applying for assistance who can't even get on a waiting list for aid.

There are 2.76 million families on the existing waiting lists for housing vouchers. Analyst estimate that an additional 9.5 million households would apply for housing vouchers were there no caps on the waiting lists. Housing agencies have closed their waiting list due to limited resources and vouchers. These numbers do not take into consideration the eligible families who do not seek federal assistance, but are still struggling to keep a roof over their heads.

One in four renters across the US pay over half of their income toward housing. Even for people living in the Eastern United States, California's housing problems are closer than many people realize. We have all seen how one sector of the economy affects the total economy and lifestyle of all Americans. To seriously address issues like poverty and the needs of our aging population, we must consider affordable housing for everyone. It is the only way to protect future generations of hard-working Americans in every state from having their dreams of home ownership evaporate away before their eyes.

Title insurance protects the current home owner and their heirs. A standard title insurance policy will usually protect against fraud, forgeries, and other title issues. For more complete coverage, talk to your title insurance representative.

CFPB Asks for Feedback on Home Mortgage Disclosure Act

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) is requesting feedback from the public on resubmission of mortgage lending data that is reported under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA). The federal agency finalized a new reporting requirement for the HMDA in October of 2015. Due to the new requirements, the resubmission guidelines may also need changing. This is why the Bureau is asking the public for help on what changes may be best.

The Home Mortgage Disclosure Act

Congress originated the HMDA in 1975. Enforcement fell under the Federal Reserve Board's Regulation C. in  2011. Authority to write rules for Regulation C was transferred to the CFPB when it was formed by the Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (Dodd-Frank Act). The HMDA stipulates that lenders must report data about the home loan applications they receive, purchase, and originate. This allows regulators and the public to monitor whether or not lenders are properly serving the housing needs for the communities in which they are located. It also helps with the distribution of public-sector investing and brings additional private investments when needed. One of the primary purposes of the HMDA is to prevent discriminatory lending practices by identifying any inappropriate patterns in the origination of home loans.

It is imperative that the information gathered is accurate to fulfill the purposes of the HMDA. The CFPB conducts examinations to ensure the data reported is accurate and establishes resubmission guidelines that detail when the lending institutions will correct and resubmit data.

Request for public feedback

Some have asked the CFPB if its guidelines for resubmission of mortgage lending data would be changed to reflect the additional data submission required under the new rules. The Bureau is asking the public to comment on any changes to the resubmission guidelines needed under the new regulations. More specifically, the CFPB's resubmission error thresholds and how these thresholds should be calculated. The Bureau also asks for comments on whether or not the thresholds should change according to the size of a submission or the type of data in the submission. The CFPB also would like to know public opinion on what the consequences of exceeding a threshold should be. Other points in the request for information are about how the CFPB reviews lending data, processes that can be carried out by technology, improvements to the data collection process, and any input that will help the Bureau reduce errors in the HMDA data. The request for information is open for 60 days after its publication in the Federal Register. More information about the request for information is available at the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau website.

An ongoing effort to improve the mortgage industry

Richard Cordray is director of the CFPB. He reiterated the importance of the HMDA to protect the public from discriminatory lending practices and provide accurate information about home lending in communities across the country. The purpose of the Bureau is to make regulations and guidelines clear and streamlined for consumers. In addition to protecting the public by establishing and enforcing rules for lenders, the Bureau takes complaints from consumers, promotes mortgage education, studies consumer behavior, monitors the housing and mortgage market for an new risks to borrowers and home buyers, and strives to eliminate any unfair or abusive lending practices.

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau was established as a result of the housing market collapse. That market collapse resulted in hundreds of thousands of foreclosures and even more properties with title problems. It is essential that all home buyers are aware they can turn to the CFPB with any question or concerns and that they have a personal title insurance policy in addition to the policy required by their lender.

Technology, Walkability, and Resilience are the Key Housing Words for 2016

As building companies get back to the business of constructing houses, they find the housing landscape has changed significantly. While the economy and housing market has been sluggish, technology has surged right along. Young people embrace technology and are less inclined to seek employment working with their hands. To remain competitive, builders must not only attract young buyers, but also find ways to attract them as workers to help build homes. To do both, construction companies and builders must learn to utilize technology to their advantage. A top feature young buyers want is walkability. Another issue that is always a major concern for every home owner is how well their house can withstand inclement weather. Builders and REALTORS  must understand the issues currently relevant to home buyers and those issues that will continue being important in future years.

Technology

According to the National Association of REALTORS report "Real Estate in a Digital Age," 68 percent of first-time home buyers are Millennials. Thirty-two percent of all home buyers are between the ages of 25 and 34. These buyers begin their search online and are connected to the internet 24/7. Many older generations also rely on technology to find homes and research things like title insurance and mortgages. Even old marketing techniques like open houses that were near extinction a few years ago are finding new life thanks to technology. Savvy builders and REALTORS use Twitter and Facebook to post live updates and promotions that will entice all potential buyers in the nearby area to stop by. The QR code has little worthwhile use in many industries, but it provides a wealth of information about a home for sale to interested buyers. Every real estate agent and builder who has filled one of those little plastic information boxes with flyers, only to get an angry caller the following day complaining it is again empty, understands the value of providing pertinent information on-site at all hours of the day. Technology can do that in a variety of ways. Increasingly, buyers are expecting builders to use technology for communication and showing things like elevations, floor plans, and site maps.

Walkability

The American Institute of Architects (AIA) conducted a Home Design Trends Survey in the third quarter of 2015. Their survey found more buyers seeking a sense of community and opting to located in or near one of the many expanding metro areas across the United States. Some of the community design trends that are currently gaining strength and expected to remain popular for the foreseeable future include walkable neighborhoods, access to public transportation, multi-generational housing,  and mixed-use buildings. AIA Chief Economist Kermit Baker said there has been a significant change in driving habits of the population in recent years. More people use public transportation and want to be near their employment and other commercial activities. For single family homes, these buyers look for contemporary-style with low-maintenance features. Some traditional wants like single-story layouts and front porches remain popular. Regardless, owners still need quality title insurance to protect their investment. A growing number of households are single adults with or without children. They like smaller, simple spaces with an emphasis on aesthetics.


Resilience

Presenters at the recent BUILDER Sustainability Summit emphasized the need for community leaders to think about resiliency before disasters occur. Threats like hurricanes, tornadoes, flooding, and heavy snow can affect people in all parts of the United States. Regardless of where a home is located, it needs title insurance and must be able to withstand one or more of these natural disasters. Alex Wilson is an architect who believes resilient design doesn't have to be expensive. Wilson listed ways builders can construct houses that are better able to withstand disasters:

• Include timber framing and hurricane straps on houses in storm-prone areas.
• Improve living conditions of homes that lose power with better insulation and passive solar features.
• Limit the need for mechanical cooling by orienting homes on an east/west axis, install better windows with some shading, attach awnings, use larger overhangs, reflective roofs, and natural ventilation.
• Have flood barriers along driveways in low-lying areas.

Walkable communities are more resilient. When disaster strikes, it is much easier to provide needed services in areas that are pedestrian friendly. Just as home owners must protect their investment with title insurance, community leaders must protect their local area through resiliency planning before the natural disaster occurs.

Home buyers should consider each loan type prior to viewing homes

As the home market improves, many buyers are considering a purchase in the near future. Despite the responsibilities that come along with owning a home, for most people, it is more rewarding than renting can ever be. The type of mortgage many buyers used during the run up to the housing market collapse is what lead to them being in trouble when the economy began to sour. Before looking at any houses, home buyers should know which mortgage is best suited for their goals and plans. Here is a bit of information on the most common types of home loans.

30-year fixed rate mortgage

Because it allows buyers to purchase the most home with affordable monthly payments, the 30-year fixed rate home loan remains the most popular. On September 1, 2015, the rate was at 3.75 percent. That is up slightly from the previous week and the number of applications increased by more than 11 percent due to positive economic news. In addition to the standard 30 years, fixed rate loans are available in terms of 10,15, and 50 years. The interest rate remains constant for the life of the loan and home owners know what their monthly payments will be regardless of inflation or other fluctuations in the economy.

Adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs)

Many home buyers were caught holding adjustable rate mortgages during the housing crisis. They had planned to refinance or sell their home prior to any increase in their interest rate and monthly payments. When the housing bubble burst, they were unable to sell or refinance and many were unemployed or getting by on less household income.
The rate and monthly payment is adjusted at specific times during the life of an adjustable rate mortgage. The increase or decrease is typically tied to market behavior. Buyers can get the same house as with a fixed rate mortgage for a lower initial payment. The adjustable rate loan remains popular with buyers who do not plan to remain in their home more than five years. Anyone considering an adjustable rate loan should be sure they can comfortably afford their monthly payments, even if the interest rate increases to the maximum possible amount.

Interest only loan

Another loan that lead to trouble for many home owners during the Great Recession was the interest only loan. For a predetermined amount of time, the home owner is only required to pay interest on the loan amount. The interest may be fixed or adjustable. At the end of the term (typically 5 or 10 years) the home owner must refinance or begin paying both the interest and some amount toward principle. Just as with an adjustable rate loan, home buyers should plan for a worst case scenario of not being able to sell their home or refinance.

Federal Housing Administration loan (FHA)

Contrary to what many home buyers believe, an FHA loan is not a government loan. It is written by a privately owned company and insured by the federal government. The qualification requirements for an FHA loan are more lenient than the requirements for a conventional loan. The down payment and closing cost are also much lower for buyers who are purchasing their primary residence. For first-time buyers the down payment can be as low as 3.5 percent. The loan is available on site built homes and mobile homes. There are also special programs for seniors.

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA loan)

This loan is available to veterans or their widows/widowers. The number of years in service affects the requirements and terms of the loan. Which type of discharge the veteran received from their branch of the U.S. Armed Service also impacts their eligibility requirements and loan terms. Most people who qualify for a VA loan can also obtain a conventional loan with similar interest rate. The main benefit to veterans is that they can get a VA loan with no down payment.

Home buyers should plan for their home purchase months in advance. It is best to review credit scores prior to meeting with loan officers or mortgage brokers to avoid any surprises that could hinder them from qualifying for the best possible loan.